马克思学说本质上是革命的。但当具体考虑革命与夺取政权的形式和道路等问题时,马克思、恩格斯的主张却是相对多变的。他们固然一生大讲暴力革命,但也经常支持合法斗争,而在有些情况下甚至还会反对革命。这与他们的学说体系的总的革命精神一点也不矛盾,而只不过是同一精神在不同情况下的不同策略运用而已。因此,“马恩晚年放弃革命转向改良主义”说非但无助于支持民主化的进步,反而把基本的理论问题搞乱了。只有走出这种思想迷雾,独立地对历史和现实的矛盾进行研究,才能为我们的民主化提供有益的理论帮助。 Marxism is essentially revolutionary. However, Marx and Engels’s views are relatively volatile when they specifically consider issues such as the form of revolution and the seizure of power. While living a violent revolution for life, they often support the legitimate struggle and in some cases even oppose the revolution. This is not at all contradictory to the general revolutionary spirit of their doctrinal system, but merely the application of different tactics of the same spirit in different situations. Therefore, “when Marn renounced the revolution in his later years and turned to reformism,” he said that instead of helping to support the progress of democratization, the basic theoretical issues were instead messed up. Only by going out of this fog of thinking and independently studying the contradiction between history and reality can we provide useful theoretical help for our democratization.