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西方马克思主义作为马克思主义发展的一个重要阶段,对马克思自由概念作出了新的阐释。从卢卡奇、葛兰西的文化意识形态批判,到法兰克福学派的社会批判,再到后马克思主义的话语领导权理论,都蕴含着马克思自由理论的思想酵素。应该指出的是,西方马克思主义注重从各个维度谈论自由,但忽视了物质基础以及物质解放对自由的重大影响。因此,尽管西方马克思主义的自由理论极大地丰富了马克思的自由概念,对我们理解马克思的自由思想具有重要的启发意义,然而,仍然有其局限性,需要我们回到马克思的自由理论,也就是说,需要我们站在马克思历史唯物主义的立场上,探索西方马克思主义自由理论的贡献及其不足之处。
As an important stage of the development of Marxism, Western Marxism made a new interpretation of Marx’s concept of freedom. From the criticisms of Lukacs and Gramsci’s cultural ideology to the social criticism of the Frankfurt School and the post-Marxist theory of discourse leadership, it contains the enzyme of Marx’s theory of freedom. It should be pointed out that Western Marxism pays attention to freedom from all dimensions, but ignores the material foundation and the material impact of liberation on liberty. Therefore, although the liberal theory of Western Marxism greatly enriched Marx’s concept of freedom, which is of great significance for us to understand Marx’s free thought, it still has its limitations and requires us to return to Marx’s theory of freedom, that is, That we need to stand on the Marxist historical materialism position and explore the contribution of Western Marxist theory of freedom and its deficiencies.