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以八倍体小偃麦小偃693和普通小麦烟农15的六个不同杂种世代为材料,研究了自交和回交对杂种后代染色体和性状分离的不同影响。结果表明,随自交和以烟农15为轮回亲本回交世代的增加,染色体数目逐渐减少,但回交比自交能使后代中偃麦草染色体丢失更快;回交后代PMC MI染色体构型较为简单,平均交叉结数减少,回交次数过多不利于偃麦草与普通小麦染色体发生遗传重组;自交和回交世代中小偃麦类型、中间类型和小麦类型出现频率明显不同,回交能显著提高后代中倾小麦类型的频率,明显改善杂种后代的农艺性状。杂种后代变异类型丰富,利用八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交是将偃麦草的遗传物质导入普通小麦,选育具有偃麦草优良特点的新种质和新品系的有效方法。
The effects of selfing and backcross on the segregation of chromosomes and traits in hybrid offspring were studied using six different hybrid generations of eight - year - old Yulin Xiaoyan 693 and common wheat Yannong 15. The results showed that the number of chromosomes decreased with the increase of backcross generation in the cross and the cross with Nongnong 15, but the loss of chromosomes was more rapid in offspring of the progeny of the offspring than in selfing; Simple, the average cross-node reduction, the number of backcrosses is not conducive to the genetic recombination of chromosomes of Agropyrongrass and common wheat; inbred and backcross generations of middle and small types of wheat, intermediate types and wheat types were significantly different frequency of backcross was significant Increasing the frequency of tillering wheat types in offspring significantly improved the agronomic traits of hybrid offspring. The variation of hybrid progenies is rich. The crosses between the eight-tuple inbred lines and the common wheat are the most effective ways to introduce the genetic material of common wheat into the new wheat germplasms and new lines with the excellent characteristics of Elytrigia elongata.