电荷耦合器件 (CCD)是基于金属 氧化物 半导体 (MOS)技术的光敏元件。目前CCD已具有光谱响应范围宽、检出限低、动态范围宽、暗电流和读出噪声低以及具有积分信号、多道同时检测信号和实时监测等能力的优点。目前它已经广泛地应用在各个领域。本文扼要介绍了CCD的基本工作原理 ,特点及性能表征。评述了CCD在光谱检测和成象领域中较活跃的应用及发展前景。指出了CCD技术的发展给光谱分析领域带来了革命性的进展。 Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) are photosensitive elements based on metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) technology. At present, CCD has the advantages of wide spectral response, low detection limit, wide dynamic range, low dark current and readout noise, integrated signal, multi-channel simultaneous detection signal and real-time monitoring. It has been widely used in various fields at present. This article briefly introduced the CCD’s basic working principle, characteristics and performance characterization. The application and development prospects of CCD in the field of spectrum detection and imaging are reviewed. It is pointed out that the development of CCD technology has brought revolutionary progress in the field of spectral analysis.