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目的了解2012年荆州区脊髓灰质炎疫苗(脊灰)免疫状况,为制定免疫措施提供依据。方法采用分层多级抽样的方法,调查荆州区城区和所属8个乡镇1～1.5岁、1.5～4岁、4～7岁、7～15岁儿童共3 491人,用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定血清脊灰中和抗体。结果在采集的3491份血样中阳性例数3 169,阳性率90.776%,不同年龄组抗体阳性率分别为88.832%、94.476%、90.068%、88.274%,各年龄组间阳转率差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),且呈“中高两头低”。不同性别、出生体重、出生医院、户籍、乡镇间抗体水平差异无统计学意义。结论荆州区1～15岁儿童对脊灰形成了一定的免疫屏障。为维持无脊灰状态在坚持做好常规免疫的基础上,仍需开展查漏补种和强化免疫,同时加强接种质量和安全管理。
Objective To understand the immunization status of polio vaccine (poliomyelitis) in Jingzhou District in 2012 and provide basis for establishing immunization measures. Methods A stratified multistage sampling method was used to investigate the population of 3 491 children aged 1.5 to 4 years, 4 to 7 years and 7 to 15 years old in urban area of Jingzhou District and 8 townships in Jingzhou District. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serum anti-polio antibody. Results Among the 3491 blood samples collected, the positive number was 3 169 and the positive rate was 90.776%. The positive rates of antibodies in different age groups were 88.832%, 94.476%, 90.068% and 88.274% respectively. The positive rate of positive rate among all age groups was statistically significant Significance (P <0.001), and was “high in the low”. There was no significant difference in antibody levels among different sex, birth weight, hospital at birth, household registration and township. Conclusion Jingzhou District 1 to 15 years old children formed a certain immune barrier to polio. In order to maintain a polio-free state, it is still necessary to carry out leak detection, seed replanting and intensive immunization, while strengthening the quality of vaccination and safety management.