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目的探讨导致中国医务人员自身吸烟状况的主要危险因素,为研究和干预主要吸烟危险措施提供理论依据。方法采用Meta分析系统评估方法综合定量分析中国1979—2010年累计涉及180030例的71篇共涵盖34个关于医务人员吸烟因素的文献研究。结果分别对有相同统计内容且可以合并计算的9种危险因素:性别、文化程度、年龄、职称、科别、行政管理归属、月收入、吸烟动机为社交需要、吸烟动机为缓解压力合并OR值并计算95%CI,有统计学意义的前4位主要危险因素分别为:性别68.71(53.46～88.30)、科别2.17(1.85～2.55)、职称2.01(1.29～3.13)、年龄1.83(1.55～2.17)。结论男性、手术科室、具有中高级职称及中年人群是中国医务人员吸烟的主要危险因素;吸烟动机为社交需要、缓解压力以及医务人员的月收入、文化程度、医院行政管理归属等因素,故影响吸烟的作用尚不确定。
Objective To explore the main risk factors leading to the smoking status of medical staff in China and to provide a theoretical basis for studying and intervening the major smoking risk measures. Methods A meta-analysis of systematic reviews was used to analyze a total of 71 literature covering a total of 34 studies on smoking prevalence among medical personnel in China from 1979 to 2010, involving a total of 71,730 cases. Results There were 9 risk factors with the same statistical content and could be combined and calculated: sex, education level, age, title, division, administrative affiliation, monthly income, smoking motivation as social need, and smoking motivation as stress relieving combined OR And calculated 95% CI. The four major risk factors of statistical significance were as follows: sex 68.71 (53.46-88.30), department 2.17 (1.85-2.55), job title 2.01 (1.29-3.13), age 1.83 (1.55 ~ 2.17). Conclusion Male, surgical departments, middle and senior professional titles and middle-aged population are the major risk factors for smoking among medical staffs in China. The motivation for smoking is social needs, stress relief, monthly income of medical personnel, educational level and hospital administrative management. The effect of smoking is uncertain.