铁路企业等大型国有企业大多以行业特有工种作为人力资源主体,而这些特有工种很难在社会人力资源市场获得直接补充,只能由企业自行培养。由于很多高技术含量特有工种,如火车司机和动车组机械师等,需要二至三年的培训周期和巨额的职工教育投入,因此构建企业和职工 Most large state-owned enterprises, such as railway enterprises, regard the special trades that are industry-specific as the main body of human resources, and these endemic types are hardly directly supplemented in the social human resources market and can only be cultivated by enterprises themselves. Due to many high-tech-specific types of work, such as train drivers and EMU mechanics, it takes two to three years of training cycles and a huge amount of employee education investment, so building businesses and workers