第二次世界大战之后,国际战略格局急剧变化,1949年成立的北大西洋公约组织利用其占尽优势的海军力量对苏联等国保持着强大的战略压力。为了使海军建设与国家的地理环境及政治地位相适应,苏联提出了海军的建设目标是“大规模建设强大的远洋导弹核舰队”。在此目标指导下,20世纪50年代末,苏联率先研制出利用飞航导弹攻击水面舰艇的反舰导弹,并且在不长的时间内就研制装备了多型舰对舰导弹。其中以埃以战争中击沉以色列“埃拉特”号驱逐舰的“冥河”反舰导弹最为著名,它创造了世界上首次利用反舰导弹击沉大、中型水面舰艇的典型战例,从而使海战进入了反舰导弹时代。随着美苏军备竞赛的持续深入,苏联以反航母与反大型水面舰艇编队,保护自身海上核打击力量为作战需求,在“冥河”等反舰导弹基础上大规模发展了多型中远程反舰导弹,形成了射程上远、中、近结合,多平台(舰艇、潜艇、飞机和岸 After World War II, the pattern of international strategy has changed drastically. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization established in 1949, using its predominantly naval strength, has maintained strong strategic pressure on the Soviet Union and other countries. In order to adapt the naval construction to the country’s geographical environment and political status, the Soviet Union proposed that the Navy’s construction goal should be “to build a large-scale nuclear missile fleet that is strong on the ocean.” Under the guidance of this goal, in the late 1950s, the Soviet Union pioneered the development of anti-ship missiles that used surface-to-air missiles to attack surface ships and in less than a time developed and equipped multi-type ship-to-ship missiles. Among them, the most famous example of the “Styx” anti-ship missiles that sunk Israel’s “Eilat” destroyers during the Egyptian-Iraq war created the world’s first classic case of using anti-ship missiles to destroy large and medium-sized surface ships so that Naval battle entered the anti-ship missile era. With the continued deepening of the arms race in the United States and the Soviet Union, the Soviet Union has developed a large-scale multi-type anti-ship missile based on the anti-ship missile, such as the anti-ship missile and anti-large- Long-range anti-ship missiles, the formation of a long range, medium and near combined, multi-platform (ships, submarines, aircraft and shore