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目的探寻深圳市南山区肺结核疫情防治重点区域。方法收集该地区2011-2015年的确诊肺结核病例,采用基于百度地图API的工具清洗地址到社区,建立疫情、人口和地图匹配数据库。采用空间自相关分析、回顾性时空扫描统计(时空聚集分析和区域时间趋势差异聚集分析)探寻其时空聚集区。结果南山区总体肺结核年均报告发病率74.69/10万,年均下降速度为6.11%。全局上无空间自相关。局部空间中,西北部的新围社区连续5年为高值聚集区,大冲、粤桂、创业路等中部社区为2015年新增聚集区。时空聚集分析显示有5个时空聚集区,其中2011年3月-2013年8月西北部的新围社区为一类聚集区。区域时间趋势差异聚集分析结果显示中部8个社区为一类聚集区域(区域内肺结核疫情年均增长速度为10.9%)。结论南山区总体肺结核疫情为中等水平,西北部为肺结核的高发区、但疫情逐步下降,中部高新企业附近地区为肺结核疫情的快速增长区域,是未来的重点防治区域。
Objective To explore the key areas of prevention and treatment of tuberculosis in Nanshan District, Shenzhen. Methods Collecting confirmed TB cases in the area from 2011 to 2015 and using the tool based on Baidu Maps API to clean the address to the community to establish outbreak, population and map matching databases. Spatial autocorrelation analysis and retrospective spatio-temporal scanning statistics (Spatial-temporal cluster analysis and regional time trend difference aggregation analysis) were used to explore its spatial-temporal aggregation area. Results The average annual incidence of tuberculosis in Nanshan District was 74.69 / 100 000, with an average annual decline rate of 6.11%. There is no spatial autocorrelation globally. In the local space, the Xinwei community in the northwestern part has been a high-value gathering area for five consecutive years. Central communities such as Da Chong, Yue Gui and Chuang Ye Lu are the new gathering areas in 2015. Spatio-temporal aggregation analysis showed that there were 5 space-time aggregation areas, of which, in March 2011-August 2013, the Xinwei community in the northwest of China was a cluster area. Aggregation analysis of regional time trend trend shows that eight communities in the central region are aggregated regions (the annual average rate of TB epidemic in the region is 10.9%). Conclusion The epidemic situation of tuberculosis in Nanshan District is moderate in general and in the northwest is the high incidence area of tuberculosis. However, the epidemic situation is gradually decreasing. The areas around the high-tech enterprises in Central China are rapidly growing area of tuberculosis epidemic, which is the key prevention and control area in the future.