进入市场经济后,国有大中型书刊印刷企业在生产经营中面临诸多困难:资产负债率高,缺乏技改资金,技术人才大量流失,企业社会负担过重等。有关资料表明,目前,书刊印刷企业亏损或濒临亏损的达半数以上。国有大中型书刊印刷企业何以活力不足,缺乏后劲?归纳起来,除普遍存在税负重、社会负担重、离退休职工多、贷款利息多等问题外,主要受以下制约因素的影响:一是专业性过强,难以发挥优势。从50年代开始,我国推行计划经济,把印刷企业划分为专业书刊、专业包装装潢等门类,归口管理,独立运作,造成专业单一,不能互补,使之优势难以发挥。二是过分强调社会效益,影响了企业的良性循环。社会效益和经济效益既是独立的,又是 After entering the market economy, state-owned large and medium-sized print and book printing companies face many difficulties in their production and operation: high asset-liability ratio, lack of technical reform funds, massive loss of technical talents, and excessive corporate social burden. Relevant information shows that at present, books and periodicals printing companies have lost more than half of their losses or are on the verge of losses. Why do state-owned large and medium-sized book printing and printing enterprises lack vitality and lack of stamina? Summarized, in addition to the prevalence of tax burden, heavy social burden, many retired employees, and large interest on loans, the following constraints mainly affect: First, professional Sexuality is too strong to play an advantage. Since the 1950s, China has adopted a planned economy, which has divided printing companies into professional books and periodicals, professional packaging and decoration, and has managed and operated independently, resulting in a single profession that cannot be complemented with one another, making it difficult to display its advantages. The second is overemphasis on social benefits, affecting the virtuous circle of the company. Social and economic benefits are both independent and