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创新,按照著名经济学家熊彼特的解释,是“企业家对生产要素的新的结合”,它包含五种情况:(1)新产品的生产;(2)新技术在生产过程中的运用;(3)新资源的开发;(4)新市场的开拓;(5)新的经济活动组织的确立。其中,前面两种情况大致相当于企业新产品开发与技术改造,属于企业生产技术方面的创新,我们称之为“技术创新”。本报告将以我们对上海市大中型
Innovation, according to the famous economist Schumpeter’s explanation, is “a new combination of entrepreneurial factors of production”, which contains five situations: (1) the production of new products; (2) new technologies in the production process Use; (3) development of new resources; (4) development of new markets; (5) establishment of new economic activity organizations. Among them, the first two cases roughly correspond to the new product development and technological transformation of the enterprise and belong to the innovation of the enterprise’s production technology. We call it “technological innovation.” This report will take us to Shanghai