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目的在艾滋病疫情严重的四川凉山州,开展艾滋病病毒(HIV)感染产妇所生婴儿喂养方式的调查,为制定适合该地区艾滋病暴露儿童安全喂养策略提供依据。方法从预防艾滋病、梅毒、乙型肝炎母婴传播管理信息系统中,获得调查对象的基本信息。使用自行设计的问卷通过一对一、面对面的询问方式,回顾性调查HIV感染产妇及所生婴儿接受预防艾滋病母婴传播服务和保健服务的相关信息。结果 2014年凉山州308例HIV感染产妇所生婴儿的人工喂养率为92.2%(284/308),其中仅21.8%(62/284)符合安全人工喂养行为。母亲或抚养人实施人工喂养时,不能每次洗手和清洗喂养容器是调查地区最常见的不安全人工喂养行为。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:家庭收入相对较高与安全人工喂养有关,同年收入<5 000元的家庭相比,收入在5 000~10 000元和>10 000元的家庭安全喂养比例高,调整比值比(aOR)分别为0.34[95%可信区间(CI):0.131~0.885]和0.367(95%CI:0.149~0.902),水源为安全饮用水的家庭发生非安全人工喂养的风险是水源为不安全饮用水家庭的0.2倍(aOR=0.2,95%CI:0.06~0.654)。结论凉山州HIV感染产妇所生婴儿人工喂养比例高,但是符合安全人工喂养要求的比例低,家庭收入和家庭饮用水源等因素影响安全人工喂养行为。
Objective To investigate the feeding patterns of mothers born in HIV-infected mothers in Liangshan Prefecture, Sichuan Province, with a serious AIDS epidemic, and provide a basis for formulating a safe feeding strategy for children exposed to HIV in the region. Methods From the prevention of AIDS, syphilis, hepatitis B maternal and infant communication management information system, access to the basic information of the respondents. Using a self-designed questionnaire, through one-on-one and face-to-face interrogation, retrospectively survey HIV-infected mothers and infants born to receive HIV / AIDS prevention information on mother-to-child transmission and health services. Results The artificial feeding rate of the babies born to HIV-infected mothers in Liangshan Prefecture in 2014 was 92.2% (284/308), of whom only 21.8% (62/284) were in safe artificial feeding. When mother or caregiver performs artificial feeding, not being able to wash hands and clean the feeding container each time is the most common form of unsafe artificial feeding in the area under investigation. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the relatively high household income was related to safe artificial feeding. Compared with those with incomes of <5,000 in the same year, the proportion of family safe feeding with incomes ranging from 5,000 to 10,000 yuan and> 10,000 yuan was high, adjusted The odds ratio (aOR) was 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.131-0.885) and 0.367 (95% CI: 0.149-0.902) respectively. The risk of unsafe artificial feeding for families with safe drinking water was water 0.2 times higher than those in unsafe drinking water families (aOR = 0.2, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.654). Conclusion The proportion of infants born to mothers with HIV infection in Liangshan Prefecture is high, but the proportion of those born under the conditions of safe artificial feeding is low. The factors such as family income and family drinking water source affect safe artificial feeding behavior.