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仲裁员应否向当事人承担民事责任和应否享有民事责任豁免取决于对商事仲裁性质的认识。商事仲裁的契约性和司法性之双重性质决定了仲裁员与当事人间的关系既具有契约性又具有司法性,仲裁员兼具服务提供者和“法官”之双重身份,仲裁员在仲裁活动中的有些行为是履行其契约义务的行为而有些则是行使司法裁判职能的行为。对于违反契约义务的行为,无论其是否有过错,仲裁员都应当承担民事责任;而对于司法裁判行为,仲裁员则应当享有民事责任豁免,除非其是故意为之。
Whether the arbitrators should bear the civil liability to the parties and whether the civil liability should be exempted depends on the understanding of the nature of commercial arbitration. The double nature of the contractual and judicial nature of commercial arbitration determines that the relationship between the arbitrator and the parties is both contractual and judicial. The arbitrator has both the service provider and the “judge”, and the arbitrator Some of the acts are the performance of their contractual obligations, while others are the exercise of judicial refereeing. An arbitrator shall bear civil liability for breach of contractual obligations, whether or not there is any fault, while an arbitrator shall be exempt from civil liability for judicial adjudication unless it is done on purpose.