再生障碍性贫血(以下简称再障)是以全血细胞减少为基本表现的病征,亦称为再生低下性贫血或再生不良性贫血。病因再障的病因复杂,一般可分为:(1)原发性再障,50～80%属此类型,以青壮年、男性多见,病因不明;(2)家族性全血细胞减少症,主要见于儿童,可伴有胸腺瘤、阵发性血红蛋白尿,或呈先天性全血细胞减少(亦名 Fanconi 氏)综合征,罕见;(3)继发性再障,例如化学及物理因素中的苯及其衍生物、抗肿瘤药物、X 线及放射物质达到一定剂量时,抑制骨髓造血功能,导致全血细胞减少。有的可能与剂量无关,属于特异性过敏反应,其中以氯霉素为最重要。有统计氯霉素引起致死性再障的 Aplastic anemia (hereinafter referred to as aplastic anemia) is based on pancytopenia as a basic manifestation of symptoms, also known as aplastic anemia or aplastic anemia. The causes of aplastic anemia complicated, generally can be divided into: (1) primary aplastic anemia, 50 to 80% of this type to young adults, males more common, etiology; (2) familial pancytopenia, Mainly seen in children, may be associated with thymoma, paroxysmal hemoglobinuria, or was congenital pancytopenia (also known as Fanconi’s) syndrome, rare; (3) secondary aplastic anemia, such as chemical and physical factors Benzene and its derivatives, anti-tumor drugs, X-ray and radioactive substances reached a certain dose, inhibit bone marrow hematopoietic function, leading to pancytopenia. Some may have nothing to do with the dose, are specific allergic reactions, of which chloramphenicol is the most important. Statistics chloramphenicol cause fatal aplasia