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一 在实际交际中,除语言形式、语言手段之外,语用的主体和语境等都是不可或缺的要素。本文主要讨论语用主体这个要素。 所谓语用的主体是指参与语用的人,包括说写者和听读者两个方面。在语用领域,人和语言的关系是主体与客体的关系,构成一对矛盾。人们运用语言互相交际,交流思想,沟通感情,调整关系、协调行动,语言的功能由人所赋予,并且也是由人去具体执行的。这种主体对客体的使用便形成了日常的语用活动、语用行为。很明显,在语用活动中,语用主体居矛盾的主导地位。重视语用主体在语用中的作用是有重要意义的。然而遗憾的是,这一点在以往的语言学研究中注意得很不够。
In practical communication, in addition to language form, language means, the pragmatic subject and context are all indispensable elements. This article focuses on the pragmatic subject of this element. The so-called pragmatic main body refers to those who participate in pragmatics, including both writers and listeners. In the field of pragmatics, the relationship between man and language is the relationship between the subject and the object, constituting a pair of contradictions. People use language to communicate with each other, exchange ideas, communicate feelings, adjust relations and coordinate actions. The function of language is endowed by people and is also implemented by people. The use of objects by such subject forms daily pragmatic activities and pragmatic acts. Obviously, in the pragmatic activities, the main body of pragmatic contradiction dominance. Pay attention to the pragmatic role of pragmatic main body is of great significance. Unfortunately, however, this is not enough attention in previous linguistic studies.