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小江断裂带是我国大陆地震活动较强的地区之一,是研究地震地质灾害理想的野外试验场。近年来为探明小江断裂带构造形变特征与断层走滑速率等参数,人们采用不同方法对此进行研究,比如通过地震地质调查、活动断层填图及GPS大地测量、地球物理探测等技术研究小江断裂的构造形变,明确了断层构造形变特点,取得了丰硕的成果。目前常用野外地质调查等地质学方法推演和GPS数据反演等方法推算小江断裂的走滑速率。从两者结果对比看出,GPS反演出的断层走滑速率大多高于地质学反演出的走滑速率。通过野外地质调查等方法只能确定小范围的地质活动速率,难以获得大范围的活动特征。通过GPS技术也只能基于离散点位进行分析,点位分布也较为稀疏。地球物理探测法可分析断裂不同深度、尤其是深部孕震区的构造应变积累活动,精度会受地震台站间距的影响。面对全方位、高精度、大范围的监测活动构造活动性的需要,采用InSAR时序技术测量主要活动断裂带地表缓慢微小形变,将是未来震间形变监测技术发展的主要方向之一。
The Xiaojiang fault zone is one of the areas with strong seismic activity in mainland China and is an ideal field test site for studying the earthquake and geological disasters. In recent years, various methods have been used to study the tectonic deformation characteristics and fault slip rate of the Xiaojiang fault zone, for example, by means of seismic geological survey, active fault mapping and GPS geodesy, and geophysical exploration techniques Fracture tectonic deformation, clear deformation characteristics of fault structure, and achieved fruitful results. At present, methods such as geological survey of geology survey and inversion of GPS data are often used to calculate the slip rate of the Xiaojiang fault. Judging from the comparison of the two results, the fault strike-slip rates derived from GPS are mostly higher than those derived from geology. Through field geological survey and other methods can only determine a small range of geological activity rate, it is difficult to obtain a wide range of activity characteristics. Through GPS technology can only be based on discrete points for analysis, point distribution is also more sparse. The geophysical exploration method can analyze tectonic-strain accumulation activities at different depths of fractures, especially in deep seismogenic areas, and the accuracy will be affected by the spacing of the seismic stations. In the face of the need of tectonic activity of omnibearing, high-precision and large-scale monitoring activities, the application of InSAR timing technique to measure the slowly and minutely small deformation of the surface of the main active fault zone will be one of the main directions for the development of earthquake deformation monitoring technology in the future.