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我国农村推行家庭联产承包责任制后,枣庄市从1984年开始将池塘、小水库承包给农户养鱼,渔业以捕为主转为以养为主。养鱼业一分娩,购鱼、放养、售鱼就进入市场,以家庭为经营主体的淡水养鱼经营体制开始萌发。随着经营体制和经济增长方式的转化,枣庄市渔业产业化已成雏型,被山东省农委列为渔业产业化试点单位。但是,枣庄市渔业产业化运行机制尚不健全,主要表现为一方面作为社会主义市场经济体制结构要素的产权结构尚不完善;另一方面渔业产业化运行的重要环节的加工业滞后,流通体制薄弱。 如何解决存在的问题?中央十四届五中全会提出了抓好两个具有全局意义的根本转变,这是渔业产业化的指南。渔业产业化与“两个转变”密不可分。两个转变的实质是建立社会主义市场经济体制,使市场在国家宏观调控下对资源配置起基础作用,使经济活动通过价格杠杆和竞争机制功能优化资源配置,改善经营体制,实现经济增长方式的集约型。渔业产业化的内核是产供销各自主经济主体自觉遵循价值规律、优化组合,追求渔业经济资源配置主体的利益最大化。优化组合的前提是改善经营体制格局,实现利益最大化的基础是经济增长方式的集约型。所以,推进渔业产业化必须抓住“两个转变”。
After the implementation of the household contract responsibility system in rural areas of our country, Zaozhuang City started to contract ponds and small reservoirs for fish farming in 1984, and fishing was mainly based on catching up. Fish farming a delivery, the purchase of fish, stocking, fish on the market, the family as the main business of freshwater fish farming management system began to germinate. With the transformation of management system and mode of economic growth, the industrialization of fisheries in Zaozhuang City has become a prototype, and has been listed as pilot unit of fishery industrialization by Shandong Agricultural Commission. However, the operational mechanism of fishery industrialization in Zaozhuang is still not perfect. The main features are as follows: on the one hand, the property right structure that is the structural element of the socialist market economy is not yet perfect; on the other hand, the processing industry, which is an important part of the fishery industrialization operation, lags behind and the circulation system weak. How to solve the existing problems? The Fifth Plenary Session of the 14th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China proposed that we should do a good job of fundamentally transforming the two in a global way. This is a guide to the industrialization of fisheries. Industrialization of fisheries and “two changes” are inseparable. The essence of the two changes is to establish a socialist market economic system so that the market will play a fundamental role in the allocation of resources under the state’s macroeconomic control and enable economic activities to optimize the allocation of resources through price leverage and competition mechanism functions so as to improve the management system and achieve the economic growth mode Intensive. The core of industrialization of fisheries is the production, supply and marketing of the main economic subject consciously follow the law of value, optimize the combination of the pursuit of the fishery economy, the main distribution of resources to maximize the benefits. The premise of optimizing the combination is to improve the structure of the operating system, to maximize the benefits based on the economic growth mode of intensive. Therefore, to promote the industrialization of fishery must seize the “two changes.”