《礼记·檀弓上》曾子责子夏“三罪”一节,后儒多误解,并影响到对儒学史的认识。通过考辨子夏丧亲、丧子的时间地点可知,丧亲、丧子对子夏产生不同影响的原因有三:一是丧亲时子夏年轻体壮经得起巨大哀痛的打击,丧子时年老体衰精神承受力大不如前;二是丧亲时子夏挫败赵简子图谋未久,返乡服丧担心其报复,故“使民未有闻焉”;三是丧亲时子夏远在异国求学为官,服丧能够悄然行事,丧子时已是举国敬重的贤儒大师,势必广被关注。曾子对此早有洞见,责其“三罪”只是一种特殊的劝慰方法而已。孔门弟子是一个“和而不同”的君子群体,有认识分歧并且互有批评帮助是正常的,其践行君子之德决不会因孔子逝世而终止。 “Book of Rites on Tan Gong” Zeng Zi Zixia Xia “Three Sin” section, later Confucianism more misunderstanding, and affect the understanding of the history of Confucianism. By examining the time and place of the summer bereavement and death of the child, we can see that there are three reasons why the bereaved and the bereaved children have different influences on the summer: First, the young and the mighty, When the spirit of the old frail health bear the brunt of the previous; Second, the bereavement child summer defeat Zhao Zhaizi plot not long, returning home funeral worried about their retaliation, so “people have not heard Yan”; Third, Xia Yuan study in a foreign country as an official, funeral can act quietly, when the child is already respected King of Confucianism, is bound to be widely concerned. Tseng Zeng had insight on this and blamed it for “three crimes” is only a special way of comforting it. Confucian disciple is a gentleman group with “different but different”. It is normal to have different opinions and help each other to criticize and help him, and his virtue of practicing a gentleman must never be terminated by the death of Confucius.