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比较分析了中国六群体翘嘴红鲌(Culter alburnus)的肌肉生化组成。试验材料分别取自太湖、兴凯湖、梁子湖、浮桥河水库和南湾水库五个野生群体,以及由太湖野生群体经人工驯养、繁殖数代获得的养殖群体。分析结果表明,各群体之间翘嘴红鲌肌肉的水分、灰分和粗蛋白含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。而养殖群体的粗脂肪含量显著高于其它五个野生群体(P<0.05)。南湾水库群体的多不饱和脂肪酸和必需脂肪酸含量均最高,必需脂肪酸含量由高到低依次为南湾水库群体>浮桥河水库群体>兴凯湖群体>梁子湖群体>养殖群体>太湖群体。氨基酸总含量由高到低依次为:太湖群体>兴凯湖群体>南湾水库群体>梁子湖群体>浮桥河水库群体>养殖群体,而必需氨基酸含量的高低顺序为:太湖群体>兴凯湖群体>梁子湖群体>南湾水库群体>浮桥河水库群体>养殖群体。相比之下,太湖群体的必需氨基酸指数(EAA I)最高,其次依次为:南湾水库群体>梁子湖群体>兴凯湖群体>浮桥河水库群体>养殖群体。各群体的大多数必需氨基酸氨基酸分(AAS)和化学分(CS)均大于1,仅兴凯湖群体的赖氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸的AAS低于1,养殖群体的赖氨酸和缬氨酸的AAS和赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸和缬氨酸的CS小于1,而成为各自的限制性氨基酸。综合所得的结果,野生群体的肌肉营养品质明显优于养殖群体,而野生群体中太湖、兴凯湖和南湾水库群体的肌肉品质相对较优。
The muscle biochemical composition of six populations of Culter alburnus in China was comparatively analyzed. The test materials were collected from five wild populations of Taihu Lake, Xingkai Lake, Liangzi Lake, Fuqiaohe Reservoir and Nanwan Reservoir respectively, and the aquaculture populations obtained from artificial breeding and breeding generations of Taihu Lake wild population. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of water, ash and crude protein among the groups (P> 0.05). Crude fat content of farmed groups was significantly higher than that of the other five wild populations (P <0.05). The polyunsaturated fatty acids and essential fatty acids in the Nanwan reservoir group were the highest, while the content of essential fatty acids in descending order were Nanwan Reservoir Group, Fuqiao Reservoir Group, Xingkai Lake Group, Liangzihu Group, Farming Group and Taihu Lake. The total content of amino acids in descending order was: Taihu population> Xingkai population> Nanwan reservoir population> Liangzihu population> Fuqiaohe reservoir population> aquaculture population, while the order of essential amino acid content was as follows: Taihu population> Xingkai Groups> Liangzihu Community> Nanwan Reservoir Group> Fuqiaohe Reservoir Group> Aquaculture Group. In contrast, the essential amino acid index (EAA I) of Taihu Lake was the highest, followed by Nanwan Reservoir, Liangzhu Lake, Xingkai Lake, and Fuqiaohe Reservoir. Most of the essential amino acid amino acids (AAS) and chemical components (CS) of each group were greater than 1, only the Lysine, phenylalanine + tyrosine of the Xingkai Lake population was less than 1, and the breeding population CS of lysine, methionine + cysteine, phenylalanine + tyrosine and valine of less than 1 for both AAS and valine and become the respective limiting amino acids. According to the results obtained, the muscle nutritional quality of wild population was significantly better than that of cultured population, while the muscle quality of Taihu Lake, Xingkai Lake and Nanwan reservoir in wild population was relatively better.