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催化裂化是重质油轻质化的重要手段 ,催化原料雾化液滴的大小对产品分布影响很大 ,根据重油乳化燃烧过程中的“微爆”理论和“分子聚集与解聚”理论 ,开发了乳化原料冷进料催化裂化反应工艺 ,该工艺采用复合非离子表面活性剂将催化裂化原料进行掺水乳化 ,在乳化剂和剪切力的作用下 ,水以1～ 5 μm的液滴均匀地分散在油中 ,形成稳定的油包水型乳化液。乳化原料经增压泵通过雾化喷嘴进行一次雾化后 ,同高温再生催化剂接触发生二次爆破雾化 ,进一步减小液滴粒径 ,改善焦炭选择性 ,提高轻质油收率。催化裂化工艺实验结果表明 :在基本相同的操作条件下 ,与未乳化原料相比 ,乳化原料的转化率增加 0 .5 %～ 3 % ,液化气和轻质油收率提高 0 .5 %～ 3 % ,焦炭和干气产率降低 0 .5 %～ 1.5 %。实验中所用表面活性剂对催化剂的筛分组成、微反活性、金属含量等使用性能指标均没有影响
Catalytic cracking is an important means for light weight of heavy oil. The size of atomized droplets of catalytic raw material has a great influence on the product distribution. According to the theory of “micro explosion” and “molecular aggregation and depolymerization” in heavy oil emulsification and combustion process, The cold feed catalytic cracking reaction process of emulsified raw materials was developed. The process uses compound nonionic surfactant to emulsify the raw materials of catalytic cracking. Under the action of emulsifier and shear force, water is dropped into droplets of 1 ~ 5 μm Evenly dispersed in the oil to form a stable water-in-oil emulsion. After the emulsified raw material is atomized through the atomization nozzle through the booster pump, the secondary explosive atomization occurs after contacting with the high temperature regenerated catalyst to further reduce the droplet size, improve the selectivity of coke, and increase the yield of light oil. The experimental results of FCC showed that the conversion of emulsified raw materials increased by 0.5% ~ 3% and the liquefied gas and light oil yield increased by 0.5% ~ 0.5% under the same operating conditions compared with the unmixed raw materials. 3%, coke and dry gas production decreased 0.5% ~ 1.5%. The surfactants used in the experiment have no effect on the catalyst composition, micro-activity, metal content, etc.