We used Raman spectroscopy to study the conformational changes of DNA induced by Cd2 ions in different Cd2 concentrations solution. The experimental results show that when the Cd^(2 )/PO^(-)_(2) ratio R increased from 0 to 3.0, the band 835.0 cm^(-1) sh
The evolution of terahertz (THz) waveform in air plasma driven by low-energy few-cycle laser pulses is investigated to improve the accuracy of the carrier envelope phase (CEP) determination. Based on the transient photocurrent model, a balanced spatial di