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近年来,伴随全球经济发展,包括自然灾害、环境灾变以及人为灾害造成的损失呈现不断加剧的趋势,因而灾害的社会经济影响和应对机制也成了近年来经济学研究的重点领域。国外文献对灾害的社会经济影响研究可以分为宏观和微观两个层次:宏观层次的研究主要关注灾害对宏观经济运行的影响及其作用的路径,包括灾后投资收益效应、人力资本积累效应和技术进步的产出效应等;微观层次的研究主要集中在灾害对个体行为选择的作用上。灾害的应对机制主要讨论了正式制度和非正式制度在不同的经济发展水平下应对灾害冲击时的作用,并从受灾地的现实出发,提出灾害应对机制的培育策略。
In recent years, with the global economic development, including natural disasters, environmental catastrophes and man-made disasters caused by the loss of increasing trend, so the socio-economic impact of disasters and coping mechanisms have become the focus of economic research in recent years. The research on the socioeconomic impact of foreign literature on disasters can be divided into two levels: macro and micro: the research at the macro level mainly focuses on the impact of disasters on macroeconomic performance and its path of action, including the post-disaster investment return effect, human capital accumulation effect and technology The output effect of progress and so on. The research at the micro level mainly focuses on the role of disaster in individual behavior selection. Disaster response mechanism mainly discusses the role of formal and informal systems in dealing with disaster impacts at different levels of economic development. Based on the reality of the affected areas, a strategy of nurturing disaster response mechanisms is proposed.