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目的探讨早产儿接种乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗后的免疫效果及不良反应发生率。方法选择2010-2013年在咸宁市疾控中心接种门诊建证接种疫苗共105例早产儿为观察组,同时随机选择同期足月儿105例为对照组,比较两组新生儿接种乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗后72h不良反应及异常反应发生率,应用酶联免疫法对二组儿童在完成三种疫苗全程免疫后1~2月进行免疫成功率检测。结果二组儿童接种三种疫苗72h不良反应:乙肝和麻疹疫苗主要发热和局部红肿,脊灰苗主要是发热和腹泻。乙肝、脊灰、麻疹疫苗免疫成功率分别为85.71%、89.52%和88.10%。结论早产儿与足月儿一样,对乙肝疫苗、脊灰疫苗和麻疹疫苗具有良好的免疫应答反应,接种乙肝疫苗、脊灰和麻疹疫苗的不良反应发生率与足月儿无明显差异。
Objective To investigate the immune effect and the incidence of adverse reactions after pre-term vaccination of hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles. Methods A total of 105 preterm infants vaccinated in outpatient clinic in Xianning CDC were selected as the observation group from 2010 to 2013. At the same time, 105 full-term infants were randomly selected as the control group. The incidence of hepatitis B, , Measles vaccine 72h after the adverse reactions and the incidence of abnormal reactions, the application of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the two groups of children in the completion of three vaccines after immunization from January to February immunization success rate. Results The two groups of children were vaccinated with three kinds of vaccines for 72 hours. The main adverse reactions were hepatitis B and measles vaccine and local redness. The polio vaccine was mainly fever and diarrhea. The success rates of hepatitis B, polio and measles vaccine were 85.71%, 89.52% and 88.10% respectively. Conclusions Preterm infants, like full-term infants, have a good immune response to hepatitis B, poliomyelitis and measles vaccines. There was no significant difference in the incidence of side effects between hepatitis B vaccine, poliomyelitis and measles vaccination.