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我国最古老的经典《易经》中就有“天下文明”之说,意为普天之下都有文采,呈现光明。近代从西方翻译过来的“文明”(Civilization)一词,是相对于野蛮而言,指人类社会的进步状态。在这里,“文明”含文化、开明之意。人类社会由野蛮进展到文明,我认为主要有三大标志:即会冶炼金属,用以制造生产工具;创造出文字,用以记事和交流;形成国家组织,使社会依法有
China's oldest classic, “I Ching” has “world civilization”, which means that there are literary grace under all the sky, showing a bright future. The term “civilization” translated from the West in modern times refers to the state of progress of human society relative to savagery. Here, “civilization ” contains culture, enlightened meaning. Human society has progressed from barbarism to civilization. I think there are basically three major signs: that the metal will be smelted for the purpose of producing tools for production; that texts will be created for memo and exchange; and that the formation of state organizations will enable the society according to law to have