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森林土壤是温室气体重要的源和汇。探讨不同森林管理和全球大气变化下土壤温室气体通量特征,为有效减少温室气体排放及森林可持续管理等提供参考。笔者从森林土壤温室气体(forest soil green house gases)、森林管理(forest mangement)和全球大气变化(global atmospheric change)3个关键研究点,查阅近年来相关研究成果,归纳森林管理和全球大气变化下土壤温室气体通量的一般性模式。CO_2、CH_4和N_2O是3种重要温室气体,其通量间存在协同、消长和随机型耦合关系。森林管理如火烧、采伐和造林等显著影响土壤温室气体通量。一般情况下,火烧导致土壤N_2O通量降低,CH_4吸收量增加,CO_2通量因火烧类型、火烧强度、生态系统类型不同出现增加、减低和无影响3种结果;采伐通常导致土壤CO_2、CH_4和N_2O排放增加;造林可使土壤CO_2排放减少,对N_2O和CH_4通量的影响随生态系统类型、造林树种等而改变。全球大气变化如CO_2浓度升高、氮沉降和气温升高影响森林土壤温室气体通量。通常,CO_2浓度升高导致土壤CO_2和N_2O排放量增加,CH_4吸收量降低;氮沉降促进土壤N_2O排放、抑制CH_4吸收。气温升高导致土壤CO_2和N_2O排放增加。森林管理和全球大气变化对土壤温室气体通量的综合影响是非叠加的,有效的森林管理可能改变土壤温室气体通量对全球大气变化的响应。
Forest soil is an important source and sink of greenhouse gases. To explore the characteristics of soil greenhouse gas flux under different forest management and global atmospheric changes, and to provide reference for effectively reducing greenhouse gas emissions and sustainable forest management. From the three key research points of forest soil green house gases, forest mangement and global atmospheric change, the author reviews relevant research results in recent years and summarizes the impacts of forest management and global atmospheric changes The general mode of soil greenhouse gas flux. CO_2, CH_4 and N_2O are three important greenhouse gases, and their fluxes have synergistic, declining and stochastic coupling relations. Forest management such as burning, logging and afforestation can significantly affect soil GHG fluxes. Under normal circumstances, the fire led to the reduction of soil N 2 O flux, CH 4 uptake, CO 2 flux due to the type of fire, fire intensity, ecosystem types appear to increase, decrease and no effect of three kinds of results; logging usually leads to soil CO 2, CH 4 and N_2O emission increased; afforestation can reduce soil CO 2 emissions, the impact of N 2 O and CH 4 flux changes with ecosystem type, afforestation species and so on. Global atmospheric changes such as elevated CO2 concentrations, nitrogen deposition and elevated temperature affect the forest greenhouse gas fluxes. Generally, the increase of CO 2 concentration leads to the increase of soil CO 2 and N 2 O emission and the decrease of CH 4 uptake. Nitrogen deposition promotes soil N 2 O emission and inhibits CH 4 uptake. The increase of temperature leads to the increase of soil CO 2 and N 2 O emissions. The combined impacts of forest management and global atmospheric changes on soil GHG fluxes are non-superimposed and effective forest management can change the response of soil GHG fluxes to global atmospheric changes.