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目的通过病例对照研究了解新疆乌鲁木齐市流动儿童麻疹发病的高危因素,为制定针对性的预防策略提供参考。方法 2017年1月1日─31日采用电话回访的方法收集数据,设2016年乌鲁木齐本地报外地0~7岁麻疹病例为病例组,本地报外地0~7岁非麻疹病例为对照组,收集患儿及其家长的基本信息、免疫接种史、接种记录和接种服务距离等信息。结果单因素结果显示,未接种麻疹疫苗是发病的高危因素(OR=25.091,95%CI=10.229~61.544);知晓率评分为1分相对于3分或4分是麻疹发病的高危因素(OR=40.000,95%CI=8.373~191.093);流动儿童户籍地接种门诊距离在15 min以内相对于1 h以上是麻疹发病的保护因素(OR=0.291,95%CI=0.112~0.759);多因素分析结果显示,已接种麻类疫苗是麻疹发病的保护因素(OR=0.062,95%CI=0.024~0.159);知晓率评分3分及以上是麻疹发病的保护因素(OR=0.375,95%CI=0.171~0.823)。结论在流动人口中加强麻疹相关知识的宣传,提高家长的认知水平,使其了解疫苗的重要性,从而提高疫苗的接种率、降低麻疹发病率。
Objective To understand the risk factors of measles in mobile children in Urumqi, Xinjiang through case-control study, and provide reference for the development of targeted preventive strategies. Methods January 1-31, 2017 The data were collected by telephone interview. According to the local report of 2016 in Urumqi, the cases of measles with 0 to 7 years old were reported as cases in the local area. Local non-measles cases aged 0-7 years were reported as control group and collected Children and their parents basic information, immunization history, vaccination records and vaccination services such as distance information. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that the unvaccinated measles vaccine was the risk factor (OR = 25.091, 95% CI = 10.229 ~ 61.544); the awareness rate of 1 was 3 or 4 relative to the risk factors of measles = 40.000, 95% CI = 8.373-191.093). The distance between inoculation clinics of migrant children within 15 minutes and 1 h was the protective factor of measles (OR = 0.291, 95% CI = 0.112-0.759) The results showed that the vaccinated bovine vaccine was the protective factor of measles (OR = 0.062, 95% CI = 0.024-0.159). The awareness rate of 3 and above was the protective factor of measles (OR = 0.375, 95% CI = 0.171 ~ 0.823). Conclusion The promotion of measles-related knowledge among migrants should be strengthened so as to make parents aware of the importance of vaccines so as to increase vaccination coverage and reduce the incidence of measles.