１　抗生素对肾脏和妊娠的毒性作用及不良影响１－１　抗生素对肾脏的毒性作用　大部分抗生素主要从肾脏排泄，不少抗生素有直接或间接的肾脏毒性，尤其是对原有肾脏疾病或肾功能不全者，影响更大。１－１－１　抗菌药物引起肾损害的方式主要有：（１）直接或间接引起肾小管与 1 antibiotics on the kidney and pregnancy toxic effects and adverse effects of 1-1 antibiotics on the toxic effects of kidney most of the main excretion of antibiotics from the kidneys, many antibiotics have direct or indirect renal toxicity, especially for the original kidney disease or renal function Incomplete, greater impact. 1-1-1 anti-bacterial drugs cause kidney damage are mainly: (1) directly or indirectly caused by tubules and