开采缓倾斜和倾斜厚煤层,目前我国主要用倾斜分层下行垮落法管理顶板,只有在特殊情况下才采用分层上行充填法,这已成为常见的惯例。分层上行充填的设备多、费用大、成本高,已被其他方法代替;分层下行垮落法的采煤系统复杂、通风困难,材料消耗大,具有难于克服的缺点。所以国内外采煤工作者通过生产实践不断改进厚煤层的开采方法。近年来,我国巩县上庄煤矿和枣庄矿务局曾试验用倾斜分层上行垮落来开采厚煤层,上庄煤矿已取得了成功的经验。国外也在试行上行开采,例如苏联的卡拉干达矿也取得一定的经验。一、巩县上庄煤矿“恒底采煤法” Mining gently inclined and inclined thick coal seam, at present, the roof is managed mainly by the inclined stratified downward caving method. It is common practice that the stratified upward filling method should be adopted only under special circumstances. Stratified upward filling equipment, large cost, high cost, has been replaced by other methods; stratified downward collapse method of coal mining system complex, difficult ventilation, material consumption, with the difficult to overcome the shortcomings. Therefore, domestic and foreign coal workers through continuous improvement of production practices thick seam mining methods. In recent years, the Shangzhuang Coal Mine and Zaozhuang Mining Bureau in Gong County of our country have experimented with thick-seam mining with inclined stratified upward collapse, and Shangzhuang Coal Mine has achieved successful experience. Foreign countries are also experimenting with upward mining. For example, the Karakanda mine in the Soviet Union also gained some experience. One, Gong County Shang Zhuang coal mine “permanent bottom coal mining law”