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语用学“研究在特定情景中的特定话语，特别是研究在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解和运用语言”（何自然，１９８８：３）。学外语的人，不仅要掌握语音、词汇、语法等知识，还要学会如何得体地使用。培养学生的语用能力是外语教学的一个重要方面。语用学在对外汉语教学中的应用也已经引起了注意。不过，就我们所看到的，一般都把注意力放在如何教授语用知识上。本文对北大留学生的语用情况进行了调查，借此发现他们语用方面存在的问题（ｐｒａｇｍａｔｉｃｆａｉｌｕｒｅ），并对如何培养学生的语用能力提出一些建议。
Pragmatics “to study specific words in a particular context, especially to study how to understand and use language in different linguistic communicative contexts” (He, Nature, 1988: 3). Learn foreign languages, not only to grasp the pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and other knowledge, but also learn how to use properly. Developing students’ pragmatic competence is an important aspect of foreign language teaching. The use of pragmatics in teaching Chinese as a foreign language has also drawn attention. However, as far as we can see, attention is usually focused on how to teach pragmatic knowledge. This paper investigates the pragmatic situation of Peking University students to find out their pragmatic problems, and puts forward some suggestions on how to develop students’ pragmatic competence.