路易·阿尔都塞是上世纪60年代和70年代活跃于世界文坛的法国著名的哲学家,结构主义的代表人物,结构主义马克思主义的鼻祖。对于他,学术界一直争议不断,然而他的理论对后来众多的文论家产生了重大影响。他生前发表了多部作品,其中,《保卫马克思》发表于1965年,是阿尔都塞早期著名的作品之一。本文试图通过阿尔都塞的著作《保卫马克思》来讨论其早期意识形态理论。 Louis Althusser is a famous French philosopher and representative of structuralism who played an active role in the world literary world in the 1960s and 1970s and the originator of structuralist Marxism. For him, academia has been controversial, but his theory has a significant impact on the subsequent literary theorists. He published many works during his lifetime, of which “Defense Marx” published in 1965, is one of Althusser’s early famous works. This article tries to discuss his early ideological theory through Althusser’s book “Protecting Marxism.”