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野生甘蔗的进一步利用,是当前把甘蔗育种工作推向新阶段的主要希望。但是,野生甘蔗杂种早代通常存在着高产量、低糖分、高纤维分的倾向。怎样恰到好处地利用野生甘蔗的种性,创造蔗糖分符合要求的高产品种,进一步提高育种效果,是本研究的主要目的。本研究采用7个杂交组合,包括 S.spontaneum 杂种的回交一代(BC_1)和回交二代(BC_2),以及 S.robustum F_1 同 S.spontaneum F_1 正反交(即二个野生种杂种后代早代正反交)。综合产量性状和质量性状的研究表明,BC_1虽具高产的植株多,但几乎没有含糖分达10%以上的植株,所以不是以制糖为目的的育种的选择世代,但它是理想的能源育种和创造新优良亲本的重要选择世代。BC_2虽包含高产的植株少,但尚有18%的较高生产水平的植株,而且有1/4的植株含糖分在10～14%,具其他优良质量性状的蔗株也较多,所以,是培育蔗糖分符合要求的高产品种的重要选择世代。S.rob F_1和 S.sp F_1正反交,其质量性状和产量性状都下降,所以,对以制糖或能源为目的的育种都没有意义。遗传参数的分析表明,茎数、茎径和茎生长量的广义遗传力强,遗传型变异系数较大,相对遗传进度高,所以,只要选择好回交亲本,可以指望在 BC_2获得优良品种。
The further utilization of wild sugarcane is the main hope of pushing the sugarcane breeding work to a new stage at present. However, early hybrids of wild sugarcane usually had the tendency of high yield, low sugar content and high fiber fraction. How to make proper use of the nature of wild sugarcane to create high-yielding varieties that meet the requirements of sugar content and further improve the breeding effect is the main purpose of this study. Seven hybrid combinations were used in this study, including backcross generation BC_1 and backcross generation BC_2 of S.spontaneum hybrids, and ortholog of S.robustum F_1 and S.spontaneum F_1 backcross Early and reverse sex). The results of comprehensive yield traits and quality traits show that BC_1 is not an ideal breeding for energy breeding because it has many plants with high yield, but few plants with sugar content more than 10% And generations of important choices for creating new, superior parents. Although BC_2 contains a few high-yielding plants, there are 18% higher-yielding plants and 1% of the plants have a sugar content of 10-14%. There are more cane plants with other good quality traits. Therefore, Is to cultivate sucrose meet the requirements of high yield varieties of an important choice generation. S.rob F_1 and S.sp F_1 have both reciprocal reciprocal crosses, their quality traits and yield traits have declined, so there is no point in breeding for the purpose of making sugar or energy. The analysis of genetic parameters showed that the stems number, stem diameter and stem growth of broad genetic ability, genetic coefficient of variation is relatively large, the relative genetic progress is high, so long as the choice of backcrossed parents, you can expect good varieties in BC_2.