一、苏联时期的社会史概念时至今日,“社会史”这一术语并非公共概念,而只有透过社会生活才能体现其内涵。在大多数史学家的意识中,仍充斥着以马列主义阶级和经济理论为基础的社会经济史的旧观念。在此背景下,社会史一直是对固定的一系列公式化题目和内容进行研究,其中相对独立的研究方向是:对社会发展的主要力量———工人阶级的研究、对农民(包括苏联的集体农庄农民)的研究、对社会中 I. The Concept of Social History in the Soviet Union Today, the term “social history” is not a public concept but can only reflect its meaning through social life. In the consciousness of most historians, the old notion of socio-economic history based on the Marxist-Leninist class and economic theory is still flooded. In this context, social history has always been a series of fixed topics and content of the formulation of research, of which relatively independent research is: the main force for social development --- the study of the working class, farmers (including the Soviet Union’s collective Farmer farmers) research on society