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在《高分子物理》教学中,学生觉得较难明确理解的两个概念,是聚合物的凝聚态和相。对此,教科书中往往亦极少阐明。对聚合物的凝聚态,有些教科书中称为聚集态(聚态),有些教科书则只把非晶态部份的三态称为力学三态,未见有统一的规定。最近,钱人元先生建议与物理学家统一,将聚集态称为凝聚态,故在本文中采用“凝聚态”代替了过去的“聚集态”。学生在学习中之所以觉得凝聚态与相这两个概念难以区分,一方面是由于对这两个概念划分的依据不够明确,另一方面是由于这两个概念有重叠的部份,教科书及讲授中往往阐述不清,因而造成混乱。从教学实践中,我认为要理解好这两个概念,应从小分子物理化学概念入手。 由于聚合物材料有各种各样的体系,如均聚物、共聚物、共混物、复合物等,为使阐述由简单到复杂,因而先讨论均聚物的情况。
In the teaching of polymer physics, two concepts that students find difficult to understand clearly are the condensed state and phase of the polymer. In this regard, textbooks are often rarely described. Condensation of polymers, some textbooks called aggregation state (poly), some textbooks only the amorphous part of the three states called mechanical tri-state, no uniform provisions. Recently, Mr. Qian Renyuan proposed to be united with physicists and called aggregation state as condensed state. Therefore, “condensed state” is used instead of “gathering state” in the past. The reason why students think that the two concepts of condensed matter and phase are indistinguishable is that the basis for the division of the two concepts is not clear enough because of the overlapping of the two concepts. Lecturing is often unclear, resulting in confusion. From the teaching practice, I think to understand these two concepts should start from the concept of small molecule physicochemical. As the polymeric materials have a variety of systems, such as homopolymers, copolymers, blends, composites, etc., the homopolymer will be discussed first in order to make the exposition simple to complex.