论文部分内容阅读
按照当前的见解,干扰素(IFN)是以各种诱生剂刺激动物细胞产生的一组生物活性相关的多肽。虽然1957年即已认识IFN,但直到70年代,干扰素学家(原来的病毒学家)与分子生物学家合作,将基因工程方法用于IFN研究,才使研究工作获得重大突破。已知IFN由三个基因型(α、β和γ)和许多亚型所组成。IFN-α至少有20个亚型,系相应数目α基因的产物;IFN-β有2个基因型,IFN-γ有1个基因型。IFN-α基因可分为Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类基因。Ⅰ类基因编码约15个IFN,其中约77%相同;Ⅱ类基因的产物与Ⅰ类仅50%相同。IFN-α的氨基酸序列有30～50%与IFN-β相同。α和βIFN由165～166个氨基酸组成;而IFN-γ只有146个氨基酸。三型IFN的活性有些相同,有些不同,调节这些活性的基因常以“连锁群”起作用。
According to the current findings, interferon (IFN) is a group of biologically active polypeptides produced by stimulating animal cells with various inducers. Although IFN was known in 1957, it was not until the 1970s that interferon scientists (original virologists) collaborated with molecular biologists to apply genetic engineering methods to IFN research. IFN is known to consist of three genotypes (α, β, and γ) and many subtypes. There are at least 20 subtypes of IFN-α that are the product of the corresponding number of α genes; IFN-β has two genotypes and IFN-γ has one genotype. IFN-α genes can be divided into class I and class II genes. Class I genes encode about 15 IFNs, of which about 77% are identical; class II gene products are only 50% identical to class I. The amino acid sequence of IFN-α is 30 to 50% identical to IFN-β. Alpha and beta IFN consist of 165-166 amino acids; IFN-gamma has only 146 amino acids. The activity of the three types of IFNs is somewhat the same and somewhat different, and genes that regulate these activities often function as “linkage groups.”