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Objective: The coal-fired pollution in Xuanwei area has been considered to be local main reason for high incidence of female lung cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, and to explore the relationship between the large number of coal-fired pollution PAHs materials and the high incidence of Xuanwei female lung cancers. Methods: We totally collected each 20 cases of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients, Xuanwei male lung cancer patients, non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients and collected each 10 cases of Xuanwei, non-Xuanwei female patients with benign lung lesions. The cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues were collected in lung cancer patients and only the normal tissues were collected in benign lung lesion patients. There were total 80 cases and 200 tissues. Using immunofiuorescence, we detected the expression of PAH-DNA adducts in each group. lmage pro-plus 6.0 software was used to analyze the images and did part quantified analysis. SPSS 13.0 statistical software was used to analyze the data. Results: The positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in lung cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues and normal lung tissues of Xuanwei female lung cancer patients were 90%, 80% and 65%, respectively. They were higher than the positive expressions of PAH-DNA adducts in Xuanwei male lung cancer patients (35%, 30% and 30%) and non-Xuanwei female lung cancer patients (20%, 15% and 10%; P ＜ 0.01). The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (70%) was higher than that in non-Xuanwei female benign lung lesion patients (10%). With the direction changing from cancer tissues, adjacent cancer tissues to normal lung tissues, the expression of PAH-DNA adducts was decreased but had no statistical difference (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion: The expression of PAH-DNA adducts in lung tissues of Xuanwei females was higher than that in Xuanwei males and non-Xuanwei females.