在《未来千年文学备忘录》(《备忘录》)里,卡尔维诺(1923—1985)提出了“繁复”这一概念。他认为,一个优秀的作家,应该“把世界看成是‘诸系统的系统’,每一个系统都制约其他系统,也受其他系统的制约”;有了这样的认识观之后,现代小说家才能在创作的过程中,实践小说写作的无限可能:“有一种统一的本文,表达的是一个单一的声音,但是又表现出可以得到几个层次的解释”[1]。由此 In the “Future Millenary Literary Memorandum” (“Memorandum”), Calvino (1923-1985) proposed the notion of “complex”. In his opinion, a good writer should “view the world as the system of systems,” each of which restricts other systems as well as other systems. “With this understanding, modern fiction In the process of creation, the family can practice the infinite possibilities of novel writing: ”There is a unified text that expresses a single voice but shows several levels of explanation." thus