多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)是浆细胞恶性增殖性疾病,约占所有肿瘤的1%、血液系统肿瘤的13%,不可治愈,终将复发进展。随着新药如沙利度胺、来那度胺、硼替佐米等的问世,复发难治性多发性骨髓瘤(relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma,RRMM)患者的总生存率较前取得明显提高。然而,多数患者病情终会复发或者产生耐药。近年来,一批新药在临床试验阶段展现了良好 Multiple myeloma (MM), a malignant proliferative plasmacytoid disease, accounts for about 1% of all tumors and 13% of hematological tumors. It is incurable and will eventually relapse. With the advent of new drugs such as thalidomide, lenalidomide and bortezomib, the overall survival rate of patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) was significantly improved. However, most patients eventually relapse or develop resistance. In recent years, a batch of new drugs have shown good performance in clinical trials