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一、引言拟定受力结构的合理形式,是研究結构的力学問題和改善其受力条件的重要因素之一。对隧道衬砌来說,尤为重要,因根据理論的分析,在一定荷载作用下,只可能有一种最經济合理的断面形式。但由于作用在衬砌上的荷载往往是多变不定的,变化規律至今还未被充分掌握,如果想在不同的条件下,过多的变换隧道断面来适应需要,显然是不现实的,一般只采用1～2种衬砌形式。由于对轮廓問題研究不多,所确定的几种衬砌形式还不能概括各种荷載情况,在实际工作中,往往造成材料无谓的消耗,并且还不能达到应有的安全度,甚至出现与假定相反的受力现象,例如,发现不少衬砌拱顶承受負弯矩,也有在与隧道中綫夹角约为30°～45°范围内拱圈内緣开裂現象等。要修建一个經济合理的衬砌結构,针对施工方法、地压理論及計算理論进行广泛深入的研究外,还必須对衬砌的合理形式进行必
I. INTRODUCTION It is one of the important factors to study the mechanics of structure and improve the conditions of its stress by formulating a reasonable form of force structure. For tunnel lining, it is especially important, because according to the theory analysis, under a certain load, there may only be one of the most economical and reasonable section forms. However, due to the load acting on the lining is often uncertain, the variation has not yet been fully mastered, if you want under different conditions, too much to transform the tunnel section to meet the needs, obviously unrealistic, generally only Using 1 to 2 kinds of lining form. Due to the lack of research on contouring problems, the determination of several lining forms can not summarize various load situations. In practical work, it often results in unnecessary consumption of materials and fails to achieve the proper safety, or even contrary to the assumption For example, it is found that many lining vaults bear negative bending moment, and there are also cracks in the inner edge of the arch ring in the range of about 30 ° to 45 ° with the center line of the tunnel. To build an economic and reasonable lining structure, for the construction methods, ground pressure theory and calculation theory to conduct extensive and in-depth study, but also must be reasonable form of lining must