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目的:对吉林市属5县市3~6岁儿童的听力情况进行调查,并对调查结果进行分析,找出影响儿童听力障碍的因素,以期对开展防治工作提供参考。方法:分别使用Interacoustics听力筛查仪和MADSEN Octavus脑干听觉诱发电位仪对儿童听觉进行初次和再次筛查,掌握吉林市属5县市儿童的听力障碍情况。结果:经初次和再次听力筛查后,总计有36例儿童确诊为听力障碍,占该次筛查儿童总数的0.82%,其中轻度听力障碍4例,中度听力障碍30例,重度听力障碍2例。在已确定的致病原因中,中耳炎为首位,占患儿总数的52.63%。在可疑的致病因素中,母亲服用耳毒性药物和吸毒、儿童出生时窒息或严重缺氧和高烧、家族先天性耳聋史和接触噪音均为高危致病因素。结论:首先需要加强吉林市属5县市的儿童听力障碍的筛查和宣传工作,争取做到早发现治疗。其次需要从多角度出发,尽量降低儿童听力障碍的发病几率,如及时教导儿童正确擦拭和擤鼻涕的方法,喂奶时保持幼儿头部抬高等。
Objective: To investigate the hearing conditions of children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in 5 counties and cities of Jilin City, and to analyze the survey results to find out the factors that affect children ’s hearing impairment in order to provide reference for prevention and control work. Methods: First and second screening of children’s hearing using Interacoustics audiogram and MADSEN Octavus brainstem auditory evoked potentials respectively, to master the hearing impairment of children in 5 counties of Jilin City. Results: A total of 36 children were diagnosed with hearing impairment after initial and re-hearing screening, accounting for 0.82% of the total number of children screened. Among them, 4 were mild hearing impairment, 30 moderate hearing loss, severe hearing loss 2 cases. In the identified causes of the disease, otitis media is the first, accounting for 52.63% of the total number of children. Among suspicious risk factors, mothers taking ototoxic drugs and drugs, suffocation or severe hypoxia and fever at birth, family history of congenital deafness and contact noise were all risk factors at high risk. Conclusion: First of all, we need to strengthen the screening and publicity of children’s hearing impairment in 5 counties and cities in Jilin City so as to achieve early detection and treatment. Second, from a multi-angle, it is necessary to minimize the incidence of hearing-impaired children, such as promptly teaching children how to wipe and blow their nose, keeping their head raised during feeding.