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目的:通过调查问卷了解参加“第二届中国早产儿学术大会”的儿科医师对早产儿学相关知识的了解、运用情况，有针对性的开展儿科医师继续教育，以期更好地指导基层儿科医师的临床诊疗。方法:于2018年4-5月采用问卷调查的形式进行研究，调查对象为“第二届中国早产儿学术大会”的参会儿科医师，对问卷结果进行总结分析。分别就个人教育背景、从业时间、所在医院新生儿专业的现况、对早产儿营养了解程度等几方面设计问卷。结果:共收到有效问卷554份。被调查的儿科医师中硕士及以上学历占37.2%；344人(62.1%)来自三级甲等医院。按照地域分布、年龄、学历、工作年限、所在医院等级、医院性质、医院产科年分娩量、新生儿专业病房床位数、新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)床位数，对调查对象进行分组，并对我国新生儿早产现状以及工作中使用早产儿宫外生长曲线(Fenton2013)的情况进行比较，发现三级甲等医院中使用2013版Fenton曲线者所占比例较三级乙等医院、二级医院为高(χn 2＝47.663，n P<0.05)，专科儿童医院新生儿医师使用2013版Fenton曲线者占比较妇幼保健院和综合性医院者为高(χn 2＝8.072，n P<0.05)。n 结论:以继续教育为目的的学术年会，在筹备期间面向参会人员设置会前问卷调查，根据目标人群的需求设置年会内容，这样更能解决基层医师的临床问题，促进基层医师诊疗水平提高。“,”Objective:To investigate the understanding and application of the knowledge of premature infants in pediatricians participating in the Second Chinese Preterm Infant Academic Conference through questionnaires, and to carry out targeted continuing education for pediatricians in order to better guide the clinical diagnosis and treatment of grassroots pediatricians.Methods:The research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey.The survey objects were pediatricians participating in the “ Second Chinese Preterm Infant Academic Conference” , and the results of the questionnaire were summarized and analyzed.The questionnaires were designed based on personal education background, employment time, current status of neonatal specialty in the hospital where they were, and knowledge of premature infant nutrition.Results:A total of 554 valid questionnaires were received.Among the pediatricians surveyed, 37.2% had a master's degree or higher; 344(62.1%) pediatricians came from Grade Ⅲ class A hospitals.According to the geographical distribution, age, education, working years, hospital level, hospital nature, annual delivery of obstetrics in hospitals, the number of beds in neonatal specialty wards, and the number of beds in NICU, the respondents were grouped, and the current status of premature births in China and the situation of using the growth curve(Fenton2013) of premature infants in work were compared.It was found that the proportion of those who used the Fenton curve of the 2013 version in Grade Ⅲ class A hospitals was higher than that in Grade Ⅲ class B hospitals and Grade Ⅱ hospitals(χn 2=47.663, n P<0.05). The ratio was higher among women and children's health centers and general hospitals(χn 2=8.072, n P<0.05).n Conclusion:The academic annual conference for the purpose of continuing education, set up a pre-conference questionnaire for the participants during the preparation period, and set the content of the annual conference according to the needs of the target population, which can better solve the clinical problems of primary doctors and promote the improvement of primary doctors' diagnosis and treatment.