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我国特有的文物集体所有权形式,决定了集体所有的不可移动文物在法律保护过程中面临特殊的困境。随着第三次全国文物普查工作的完成,越来越多的不可移动文物被纳入集体所有的范畴,保护现状却令人担忧。不可移动文物权属不清和所有权主体不明确等问题影响了文物依法保护工作的成效,造成有法难依的不良后果。要解决集体所有不可移动文物法律保护方面的问题,更好地对其进行保护和管理,核心是要做到两个平衡——“私有”与“公物”之间的平衡、“集体利益”和集体内部各个成员利益之间的平衡,并在此基础上推动相关法律制度的设置进程。
The unique forms of collective ownership of cultural relics in our country determine that the collectively owned and immovable cultural relics face special difficulties in the process of legal protection. With the completion of the third national cultural relic census, more and more non-movable cultural relics have been included in the collective ownership and protection of the status quo is worrying. The problems such as unclear ownership of immovable cultural relics and unclear ownership rights affect the effectiveness of the protection of cultural relics in accordance with the law, resulting in unfortunate adverse consequences. The key is to strike a balance between the “private” and the “public property” in order to solve the problem of legal protection of all non-movable cultural relics collectively and to better protect and manage them. “Collective interest” and the interests of all the members within the collective balance, and on this basis to promote the process of setting the legal system.