儿童侵袭性真菌病是备受关注的重要临床问题,相对于成人有其自身特点。儿童侵袭性真菌病发病率逐年增高,病死率居高不下,尤其是血液病、恶性肿瘤儿童及新生儿。念珠菌和曲霉菌是主要致病真菌,但非白念珠菌和非曲霉菌的感染有显著增多趋势。因临床表现缺乏特异性,易被原发病掩盖,典型的影像学改变少见,实验室检查特异性低,其诊断较困难。同时,儿童生长发育的不断变化也决定了抗真菌药物的成人治疗剂量不适合于儿童。 Invasive fungal disease in children is an important clinical issue of great concern, and has its own characteristics relative to adults. The incidence of invasive fungal diseases has been increasing year by year, with high mortality rates, especially for hematological diseases, malignant tumors and newborns. Candida and Aspergillus are the major pathogenic fungi, but non-Candida albicans and non-Aspergillus infections are significantly increased. Due to the lack of specificity of clinical manifestations, easy to cover the original disease, the typical imaging changes rare, low specificity of laboratory tests, the diagnosis is more difficult. At the same time, the changing growth and development of children also determine that the adult therapeutic dose of antifungal drugs is not suitable for children.