一 朝鲜王朝后期,也就是英祖、正祖执政的十八世纪,抬头了新的学风,是柳馨远、李晬光两人开了先河,李瀷、安鼎福、朴趾源、朴齐家、丁若镛、金正喜等人继其余绪而发扬光大的。后世的人中,开始对他们表示关心,而赞扬其成就的是朴殷植、张志渊、申采浩等韩末的先觉爱国知识分子。朝鲜王朝面临全球性变化的巨流,先采取闭关自守的态度,后来被动地开放门户,接受西方文化。当时的知识分子,惝怳惊疑中收容西方文化,不能不承认自己的落后,当时的社会,不仅流行了《民约论》、《万法精理》之类的有关西方政治、法律思想的书,而且西方有关天文、医学、兵法、农业等自然科学方面的书籍也流传到朝鲜,因为这些学问是新时代的,故称之为“时学”。在这种情况下,大家反思了已往的权威学问朱子学,烦琐的礼说以及支离破碎的性理学已经变成无用之学。从此李朝后期的新学风渐渐抬头了。这新学风对李朝晚期的开化思想以及开化运动,产生了一定的影响,但随着开化运动的失败,又被乘机兴起的保守气氛压倒,终于几乎被遗忘了。在随后的日据时代,知识分子对民族文化的反思与研究,开了新局面。继朴殷植、张志渊、申采浩等人之后,又出现了崔益翰、郑寅普、文一平等人,他们努力于阐发先贤的 During the late Joseon Dynasty, that is, the great ancestor of the ancestral ancestor and the great ancestral home of the progenitor in the 18th century, a new style of study was brought to the fore by Liu Hsin-yuan and Li Guoguang. , Kim Jong-hi and others follow the remaining thread and carry forward. Among future generations, they began to express their concern about them, while those who praised it for their achievements were the conscious patriotic intellectuals such as Pak Yin-chi, Zhang Zhiyuan and Shen Caihao. The dynasty faced a gigantic stream of global changes. It first adopted a closed-door attitude and later passively liberalized the portal to accept Western culture. At that time, the intellectuals, who were suspiciously embracing Western culture, could not but acknowledge their own backwardness. At that time, the society not only popularized books on Western political and legal thoughts such as the “Treaty of Minqin” and “Methodology of Fine Arts” And the western books on natural sciences such as astronomy, medicine, military law and agriculture have also spread to North Korea. Because these learnings are in a new era, they are called “science of time.” Under such circumstances, all of us have retrospected the traditional knowledge of Zhu Xi, cumbersome courtesy and fragmented philosophies that have become useless. Since then, the new style of study gradually began to rise. This new style of study exerted a certain influence on the thought of Kaihua in the late Li Dynasty and the Kaihua Movement. However, with the failure of the Kaihua Movement, it was overwhelmed by the conservative atmosphere in which the opportunity took off and was finally forgotten. In the ensuing Japanese occupation era, the intellectuals started a new situation in the reflection and study of national culture. After Pu Yin-chih, Zhang Zhi-yuan and Shen Cai-hao, they emerged as Cui Yihan, Zheng Yinpu and Wenyi an equal people. They worked hard to elucidate the