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下个世纪到来之前,越南的河内市预计将成为一个拥有4000万人口的城市密集体,一个全球化的巨型城市。“巨型城市”的定义是人口超过千万的城市。预计到2015年,亚洲(全世界大部分城市化进程都发生在这里)可能出现多达60个巨型城市,将有共计6亿人定居。这一数字将在此后的几十年内急剧增加,到本世纪末将有超过20亿人生活在巨型城市之中。低碳性能是新一轮城市发展可持续性规划的基本方面。可持续发展总体规划包括4个方面,即能源使用的经营、与建筑相关的隐含能源、能源供应基础设施以及其他基础设施(如交通、废物、水、污水等)。这些方面需要在初步的概念设计阶段就给予充分的考虑,对于巨型城市而言,不全面的规划将会对碳排放和能源消耗造成深远的影响,因此更需要对以上各方面进行充分考虑。本文介绍了如何利用城市规模的模型来评估低碳规划和设计的这些方面,该模型也被称为整个城市及建设用地层面的能源与环境预测模型(EEP-Urban)。
Before the turn of the century, Hanoi, Vietnam, is expected to become an urban agglomeration of 40 million and a gigantic megalopolis of globalization. “Mega City ” is defined as a city with a population of more than 10 million. It is estimated that up to 60 megalopolises will emerge in Asia (where most of the urbanization process in the world takes place) by 2015 and that a total of 600 million people will be settled. This figure will increase dramatically in the decades to come, and by the end of this century more than 2 billion people will live in megacities. Low-carbon performance is a fundamental aspect of the new round of urban sustainability planning. The master plan for sustainable development includes four aspects: energy use management, building-related implied energy, energy supply infrastructure and other infrastructure such as transport, waste, water and sewage. These aspects need to be given due consideration in the preliminary conceptual design stage. For the megacities, incomplete planning will have a far-reaching impact on carbon emissions and energy consumption. Therefore, more consideration should be given to all these aspects. This article describes how to use city-scale models to assess these aspects of low-carbon planning and design, also known as EEP-Urban for the entire city and construction site.