马克思站在唯物主义立场上对由抽象上升到具体的方法从根本上进行了重新认识。这是由于这一方法本身的任务改变了:这一方法是作为现实地研究具体的客体来运用,而不是作为从根本上“决定思维”的体系的笼统轮廓来运用了。作为认识的基础性因素的经验,可以在这样了解的思维任务的前后联系中加以考察。譬如,在思维的现有内容同经验方面相反的例子发生冲突的条件下,就必须从逻辑-方法论上分析行为的各种“狡计”的观点而言,情况就是这样。实现这类克服理论思维与经验知识的矛盾的“狡计”是《资本论》中由抽象上升到具体的方法所独具的特点(这正是“实事求是”地研究现实存在的客体的一种方法)。如果说黑格尔的辩证逻辑是一种思辨思维的逻辑,那么,体 From a materialist standpoint, Marx fundamentally re-recognized the method from abstract to concrete. This is due to the change in the task of this method itself: it is applied as a realistic study of specific objects rather than as a general outline of a system that fundamentally “decides to think.” Experience as a foundational element of cognition can be examined in the context of the thought tasks so understood. For example, in the event of a conflict between the current content of thinking and the paradoxical example of the empirical side, this is the case in terms of the various “cunning” points of view that logically-methodologically analyze behavior. The “cunning” of overcoming the contradiction between theoretical thinking and empirical knowledge is the unique characteristic of “capitalism” from abstract ascension to concrete method (this is just a method of “seeking truth from facts” to study the existing object ). If Hegel’s dialectical logic is a logic of speculative thinking, then body