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马克思创立的历史唯物主义自由观,为我们提供了科学认识自由的方法论前提。自由是每个人应有的权利,应该对每个人的自由权利给以尊重;人的自由在一定社会条件下,在人与人结成各种社会关系中才能得以实现;人的自由依赖于特定的物质生活条件。人的需要发展是人的自由发展的动因。按照马斯洛的需要层次可以把人的自由划分为生存自由和发展自由。按照自由的内容可以将自由划分为经济自由、政治自由、道德自由以及法律自由等。经济的、政治的和精神文化层面的因素综合影响着人的自由实现的程度。
The concept of freedom of historical materialism founded by Marx provides us with a methodological premise of scientific freedom of understanding. Freedom is everyone’s right and should respect each person’s right to freedom. People’s freedom can be realized under the conditions of certain social conditions and in various social relations with one another. The freedom of man depends on specific Material and living conditions. The development of people’s needs is the motivation for the free development of people. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people’s freedom can be divided into freedom of life and freedom of development. According to the free content, freedom can be divided into economic freedom, political freedom, moral freedom and freedom of law. The combination of economic, political and spiritual and cultural dimensions affects the degree to which people are freely realized.