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目的分析北京市丰台区麻疹暴发疫情的流行病学特征,探讨麻疹暴发的原因,为科学防控麻疹疫情提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学的方法,对北京市丰台区2010—2015年麻疹暴发疫情进行分析。结果 2010—2015年北京市丰台区共发生麻疹暴发疫情22起,涉及麻疹病例74例。暴发疫情主要集中在1—7月份;所有的暴发疫情中,<8月龄、8月龄~14岁、15岁及以上的病例分别为7例(9.5%)、0、67例(90.5%)。其中外省户籍人口61例(82.4%),本市户籍人口13例(17.6%);有免疫史的9例(12.2%),无免疫史或免疫史不详的65例(87.8%)。暴发疫情持续时间最短0 d,最长19 d,平均7.9 d。麻疹暴发疫情发生时间至疫情报告时间间隔最短0 d,最长10 d,平均为1.4 d。结论外来流动人口的免疫空白是麻疹暴发的主要原因之一。预防和控制麻疹暴发的重点在于加强对流动人口的管理,提高人群的免疫水平,同时提高监测系统的敏感性,科学、规范的处置麻疹疫情。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreaks in Fengtai District of Beijing and to explore the causes of the outbreaks of measles so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of measles epidemics. Methods Epidemiological methods were used to analyze the outbreaks of measles in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2010 to 2015. Results A total of 22 measles outbreaks were reported in Fengtai District of Beijing from 2010 to 2015, involving 74 measles cases. Outbreaks were mainly in January-July. In all outbreaks, <8 months, 8 months to 14 years of age, and 7 cases (9.5%) were 15 and older, 0 and 67 (90.5% ). Among them, 61 cases (82.4%) were registered permanent residents in other provinces and 13 cases (17.6%) were registered permanent residents in this Municipality; 9 cases (12.2%) had immunization history; 65 cases (87.8%) had no history of immunization or unknown history of immunization. The outbreak duration was the shortest 0 d, the longest 19 d, an average of 7.9 d. The time from the outbreak of measles outbreak to the time when the outbreak was reported was the shortest 0 d and the longest 10 d with an average of 1.4 d. Conclusion The immune blanket of floating population is one of the main causes of measles outbreak. The focus of prevention and control of measles outbreaks is to strengthen the management of floating population and improve the immunization level of the population, while improving the sensitivity of the surveillance system and scientifically and regularly handling the measles epidemic.