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价值转形问题是马克思劳动价值论的重要内容。许多对劳动价值论的诘难都是从价值转形问题开始的。特别是有一种观点认为《资本论》第3卷的分析与第1卷相矛盾。本研究借鉴鲍特凯维兹在研究转形问题时所使用的偏离系数方法,从价值偏离系数的角度考察价格转化为生产价格的动态过程。证明了如下结论:对于任何一种商品,在利润平均化过程完成之前,生产价格相对于价值将发生程度不等的偏离,而在利润平均化过程完成之后,即无限期界条件下生产价格对价值的偏离将不存在,此时单位商品的生产价格与价值在数量上相等,亦即所有产品的价值最终只能转化为与它们在数量上完全相等的生产价格。进而回应了有关对马克思价值转形理论的诘难,说明了《资本论》第3卷的分析与第1卷是一脉相承的,两者不存在矛盾。
The problem of value transformation is an important part of Marx’s labor theory of value. Many problems with labor theory of value begin with the question of value transformation. In particular, there is a view that the analysis of Volume 3 of Capital is contradictory to Volume I. This study draws on the deviation factor method used by Bartkiewitz in the study of the transformation problem, and examines the dynamic process from price to production price in terms of value deviation coefficient. Prove the following conclusion: For any kind of commodity, before the completion of the profit averaging, the production prices will deviate from their value to some extent. After the process of averaging the profits, that is, the production price pair under infinite period The deviations in value will not exist. In this case, the unit price of the unit commodity is equal in value to the value, that is, the value of all the products can eventually only be converted into a production price exactly equal to them. Which in turn answers the crux of the theory of value transformation of Marx. It shows that there is no contradiction between the analysis of Volume 3 of Capital and Volume 1.