云冈石窟与巩县石窟地处中原北方地区,该地区为石灰岩地质结构,适合于雕刻造像及天井图样,因此,这一地区石窟天井图样一概采用雕刻形式。这一时期两处石窟天井图样,通常以一朵莲花为中心,周围环绕飞天,或表现莲花化生、莲花宝珠、莲花忍冬和飞天等。石窟形制多为长方形或方形平面洞窟,天井则作平顶、覆斗顶或穹窿顶状。其中云冈石窟、巩县石窟图样布局几乎呈方格状。 The Yungang Grottoes and Gongxian Grottoes are located in the northern part of the Central Plains. The area is a limestone geological structure suitable for carving statues and patio designs. Therefore, the pattern of grotto patios in this area is always carved. During this period two cave grotto patterns, usually a lotus as the center, surrounded by flying, or the performance of the Lotus, Lotus Orb, lotus honeysuckle and flying and so on. Most of the caves are rectangular or square-shaped caves, and the patios are made of flat roofs, covered roofs or domes. One Yungang Grottoes, Gong County Grottoes layout is almost square grid pattern.