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一、引言 蒸发渗漏器的发展在国际上有较长的历史,Aboukhaled的著作较系统地进行了总结。我国蒸发渗漏器的利用,有30年的历史。50年代中国农业科学院对土壤蒸发器进行了研究,从60年代起,中国科学院地理研究所应用-500土壤蒸发器、小型水力蒸发器以及自动供水式土壤蒸发器对农作物总蒸发进行了测定,同时水文地质和水利部门建立了若干水均衡场。总起来看,世界气象组织编辑的指南所包含的各类蒸发渗漏器我国都有运用,唯面积大、代表性好、精度高的蒸发渗漏器在我国尚没有。
I. INTRODUCTION The development of evaporimeter has a long history in the world. Aboukhaled’s book summarizes systematically. China’s use of evaporation leak, 30 years of history. In the 1950s, the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences conducted a study of soil evaporators. Since the 1960s, the total evaporation of crops has been measured by the Institute of Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences using -500 soil evaporators, small hydraulic evaporators, and automatic water supply soil evaporators. The hydrogeology and water sector has established a number of water balance fields. Taken together, all types of evaporation leaks contained in the editorial guidelines of the World Meteorological Organization have been used in our country. However, the evaporation leaks that are large in area, of good representativeness and of high precision are not yet available in our country.